과학 이슈의 정치 프레임이 메시지 평가, 정서적 태도, 정책 지지에 미치는 영향 : 접종과 정서의 조절 효과를 중심으로
자료요약
과학이슈의 정치화 현상은 시민들로 하여금 전문가들이 제공한 객관적 근거보다는 정치적 이해에 의해 왜곡된 정보를 참고로 판단하게 하고 정책에 관한 여론을 양극화시킨다는 점에서 학자들 사이의 학문적 관심과 우려의 대상이 되고 있다. 본 연구는 과학 이슈의 정치적 프레임이 메시지에 대한 사실성, 신뢰도 평가와 이슈 관련 개인의 정서적 태도, 정책적 지지에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 탐구하기 위해 미세먼지 이슈에 관한 메시지를 조작적으로 제작하여 대학생 118명을 대상으로 실험연구를 실시했다. 본 연구는 2(정치/과학 프레임) x 2(접종메시지 유무) x 2(분노/걱정 정서 처치) 실험 디자인을 활용하여 접종과 정서의 조절효과도 탐구하였다. 분석 결과, 정치 프레임은 과학 프레임에 비해 수용자들이 메시지의 사실성과 신뢰도는 낮게 평가하게 하는 반면, 긍정적인 정서적 태도와 정책적 지지를 유도하는데 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 상호작용과 관련해서는 미세먼지 이슈 정치화의 부작용에 대해 경고하는 접종 메시지를 받은 경우 메시지 사실성 평가에 대한 정치 프레임과 과학 프레임의 효과에 있어 차이가 크게 나지 않았다. 그러나 접종 메시지를 사전에 접하지 못한 경우에는 과학 프레임이 정치 프레임보다 사실성 평가를 더 촉진하는 것을 발견했다. 미세먼지 관련 정책 지지를 설명하는데 있어서는 프레임과 정서간의 상호작용이 유의미하게 나타났는데, 분노의 정서로 처치된 개인들에게는 프레임에 따른 차이가 유의미하지 않았다. 반면 걱정의 정서로 처치된 개인들은 과학 프레임보다 정치 프레임을 접했을 때 높은 수준의 정책적 지지를 보였다.
The politicization of science can weaken the influence of facts or a consensus of experts, and cause the public to reject reliable scientific evidence. Recent studies suggest that widespread publicizing of a scientific consensus may in fact undermine public acceptance of the consensus. However, only a few studies have directly examined whether the public can accept, and maintain over the long term, scientific perspectives without being swayed by politics. To address this issue, we explored how individuals process information on the science of fine dust pollution, a subject characterized by a high level of public interest and strong and distinct attitudes. We predicted that participants exposed to information on the issue in a political context would consider the information less valid than would those exposed exclusively to scientifically framed information. Additionally, we tested the inoculation theory, which states that a short warning message can counteract the effects of political persuasion. We proposed that political frames carrying inoculation messages are perceived to be less accurate, whereas scientific frames are perceived to be more accurate and valid. Our study addressed the moderating role of emotions on framing. To explore how the political framing of a scientific issue affects evaluation of accuracy and validity, affective attitudes, and policy support, 118 college students were exposed to fine dust messages in political and scientific frames. We also explored the moderating roles of inoculation and emotions by utilizing a 2 (political/scientific frame) × 2 (presence or absence of inoculation message) × 2 (state of treated emotion: anger vs. concern) experimental design. The results showed that political frames can induce positive emotional attitudes and policy support, and lower the perceived accuracy and validity of messages compared with scientific frames. As for interactions, when a warning inoculation message on the side effects of fine dust issues was supplied to participants, no significant difference in the effectiveness of the political or scientific frames was present in assessing content accuracy. However, if participants were not exposed to an inoculation message in advance, messages with a scientific frame were considered more accurate than those with a political frame. When it comes to explaining support for fine dust?related policies, the interaction between frames and emotions was significant, although the difference between frames was not significant for individuals dealing with anger. Individuals who were being treated for anxiety showed a high level of policy support when faced with political frames rather than scientific frames.
The politicization of science can weaken the influence of facts or a consensus of experts, and cause the public to reject reliable scientific evidence. Recent studies suggest that widespread publicizing of a scientific consensus may in fact undermine public acceptance of the consensus. However, only a few studies have directly examined whether the public can accept, and maintain over the long term, scientific perspectives without being swayed by politics. To address this issue, we explored how individuals process information on the science of fine dust pollution, a subject characterized by a high level of public interest and strong and distinct attitudes. We predicted that participants exposed to information on the issue in a political context would consider the information less valid than would those exposed exclusively to scientifically framed information. Additionally, we tested the inoculation theory, which states that a short warning message can counteract the effects of political persuasion. We proposed that political frames carrying inoculation messages are perceived to be less accurate, whereas scientific frames are perceived to be more accurate and valid. Our study addressed the moderating role of emotions on framing. To explore how the political framing of a scientific issue affects evaluation of accuracy and validity, affective attitudes, and policy support, 118 college students were exposed to fine dust messages in political and scientific frames. We also explored the moderating roles of inoculation and emotions by utilizing a 2 (political/scientific frame) × 2 (presence or absence of inoculation message) × 2 (state of treated emotion: anger vs. concern) experimental design. The results showed that political frames can induce positive emotional attitudes and policy support, and lower the perceived accuracy and validity of messages compared with scientific frames. As for interactions, when a warning inoculation message on the side effects of fine dust issues was supplied to participants, no significant difference in the effectiveness of the political or scientific frames was present in assessing content accuracy. However, if participants were not exposed to an inoculation message in advance, messages with a scientific frame were considered more accurate than those with a political frame. When it comes to explaining support for fine dust?related policies, the interaction between frames and emotions was significant, although the difference between frames was not significant for individuals dealing with anger. Individuals who were being treated for anxiety showed a high level of policy support when faced with political frames rather than scientific frames.
목차
1. 문제 제기
2. 이론적 논의
3. 연구 방법
4. 연구결과
5. 결론 및 논의
2. 이론적 논의
3. 연구 방법
4. 연구결과
5. 결론 및 논의
#science communication #politicization #inoculation theory #emotion #과학 커뮤니케이션 #정치화 #접종이론 #정서